Corrigendum and Erratum

1. Policy Statement

Adabiyah, published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo, is committed to maintaining the accuracy, reliability, transparency, and integrity of the scholarly record. The journal recognizes that errors, inaccuracies, and concerns regarding research integrity may be identified after publication and must be addressed through appropriate, transparent, and timely editorial procedures.

Adabiyah is committed to correcting the scholarly record whenever significant errors or ethical concerns are identified in published articles. Editorial actions may include corrections, expressions of concern, retractions, or other appropriate publication notices, depending on the nature and seriousness of the issues involved.

This policy is developed in accordance with internationally recognized publication ethics standards, including the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) Retraction Guidelines (2025), the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) Recommendations, the National Information Standards Organization (NISO) Recommended Practice RP-45-2024, and Crossref guidelines for publication updates.

The primary purpose of correction and retraction procedures is to protect the integrity of scientific literature and provide readers with accurate information about the reliability and status of published research, rather than to punish authors.

All editorial decisions will be conducted fairly, objectively, transparently, and independently, with appropriate consideration of the available evidence.

2. Scope of the Policy

This policy applies to all scholarly content published in Adabiyah, including original research articles, review articles, scientific reports, and other academic contributions.

It covers concerns identified after publication by authors, editors, reviewers, readers, research institutions, publishers, or other relevant parties.

The policy addresses:

Correction of significant errors in published articles.
Publication of expressions of concern regarding unresolved research integrity issues.
Retraction of articles containing substantially unreliable findings or serious ethical violations.
Exceptional cases requiring retraction with republication or removal of published content.
Notification, documentation, and communication of editorial decisions.
Updating article versions, DOI records, and publication metadata.
Procedures for author responses, appeals, and institutional cooperation.

Adabiyah distinguishes between honest errors, legitimate scientific disagreements, and research or publication misconduct. Each case will be evaluated individually according to its circumstances and potential consequences for the scholarly record.

3. Correction of Published Articles

A correction is issued when an error or omission is identified in a published article but the article's main findings, interpretations, and conclusions remain sufficiently reliable.

Corrections may be necessary in circumstances including:

Errors in numerical values, statistical calculations, tables, figures, or data presentation that do not invalidate the principal conclusions.
Inaccuracies in research methods, descriptions, or experimental procedures requiring clarification.
Incorrect or incomplete information regarding author names, affiliations, acknowledgments, or contributions.
Errors in references or citations that materially affect the interpretation or attribution of information.
Omissions or inaccuracies in funding declarations, conflicts of interest, or relevant ethical statements.
Other factual or editorial errors that require formal clarification to prevent misunderstanding.

Minor typographical, grammatical, or formatting errors that do not affect scientific meaning, attribution, or interpretation may be addressed through editorial maintenance without issuing a separate correction notice.

When a substantive correction is necessary, Adabiyah will:

Assess the reported error and determine its significance.
Consult the corresponding author and other relevant parties when appropriate.
Request corrected data, figures, statements, or supporting documentation.
Obtain independent editorial or expert assessment when necessary.
Publish a clearly identified correction notice describing the error and the changes made.
Link the correction notice to the original article and update the article's publication record.
Preserve previous article versions or a traceable record of the changes.

Correction notices will be made publicly accessible and will include sufficient information to identify the original publication.

The publication of a correction does not automatically imply research misconduct.

4. Expression of Concern

An Expression of Concern is an editorial notice issued when substantial questions have been raised about the integrity or reliability of a published article, but the available evidence is insufficient to justify a correction or retraction.

An Expression of Concern may be considered when:

Credible concerns about research integrity remain unresolved.
An institutional investigation is ongoing and its conclusions are not expected within a reasonable period.
Available evidence raises significant doubts about the reliability of published findings but is inconclusive.
The authors or relevant institutions are unable or unwilling to provide information necessary to resolve substantial concerns.
Readers need to be informed of important unresolved issues concerning the published research.

Before issuing an Expression of Concern, the editorial team will assess the seriousness of the concerns and the potential risks associated with continued reliance on the article.

An Expression of Concern will:

Clearly identify the article concerned.
Describe the nature of the concerns in factual and neutral language.
Explain, where appropriate, why the concerns remain unresolved.
Indicate whether further editorial or institutional assessment is ongoing.
Be prominently displayed and linked to the original publication.

An Expression of Concern is not equivalent to a finding of misconduct or a final decision to retract an article.

Following the completion of an investigation, Adabiyah will review the notice and publish an appropriate follow-up statement, correction, retraction, or resolution notice as warranted.

5. Retraction of Published Articles

Retraction is a formal editorial action used when an article contains significant errors, unreliable data, or serious publication ethics violations that substantially undermine the reliability or integrity of the published work.

Adabiyah may consider retracting an article when credible evidence establishes one or more of the following circumstances:

a. Unreliable Research Findings

There is sufficient evidence that the article's findings or conclusions cannot be relied upon because of serious errors, invalid research methods, fabricated or falsified data, or other substantial inaccuracies.

b. Plagiarism

The article contains substantial plagiarism or unauthorized appropriation of intellectual contributions that materially compromises publication integrity.

c. Duplicate or Redundant Publication

The article substantially duplicates previously published work without adequate disclosure, appropriate cross-referencing, permission, or scientific justification.

d. Research Ethics Violations

The research involves serious ethical violations, including misrepresentation of required ethical approvals or other significant breaches of applicable research standards.

e. Manipulation of the Publication Process

There is credible evidence of systematic manipulation, including fraudulent peer review, fabricated reviewer identities, paper-mill activity, or other practices that compromise the validity of the editorial evaluation process.

f. Serious Undisclosed Conflicts of Interest

Significant undisclosed competing interests materially compromise the reliability, credibility, or interpretation of the published research.

g. Major Errors Arising from Honest Mistakes

Serious unintentional errors are identified that invalidate the principal research findings or conclusions and cannot be adequately resolved through a correction.

Retraction decisions will be based on a careful assessment of the evidence and the reliability of the published work.

Retraction is not automatically warranted merely because an article attracts criticism, scientific disagreement, or an authorship dispute that does not undermine the validity of the research.

The Editor-in-Chief retains final responsibility for editorial retraction decisions, except when a relevant conflict of interest requires an independent decision-making process.

An article may be retracted even when one or more authors do not agree with the decision, provided that the editorial assessment supports the action.

6. Retraction Procedures

Adabiyah follows a structured procedure for evaluating concerns that may require retraction.

Step 1. Receipt of Concerns

The Editorial Office receives a report or identifies a potential integrity issue affecting a published article.

Step 2. Preliminary Assessment

The Editor-in-Chief or an authorized independent editor examines the available information to determine whether the concern is credible and requires further assessment.

Step 3. Author Notification

The corresponding author and, when appropriate, other co-authors are informed of the concerns and invited to provide explanations or supporting evidence.

Step 4. Editorial Inquiry

The editorial team reviews relevant research materials, publication records, supporting documents, and author responses. Independent experts may be consulted when additional scientific or technical expertise is required.

Step 5. Institutional Cooperation

When the concerns involve potential research misconduct requiring formal investigation, the journal may refer the matter to the relevant institution, research funder, or competent authority.

Step 6. Editorial Decision

The Editor-in-Chief evaluates the evidence and determines whether the appropriate action is no change, correction, Expression of Concern, retraction, or another justified editorial measure.

Step 7. Publication of Notice

When retraction is warranted, the journal publishes a formal retraction notice and clearly identifies the status of the original article.

Step 8. Metadata and Record Updates

The journal updates the publication record, establishes links between the original article and the notice, and registers relevant updates with Crossref where applicable.

The journal will endeavor to acknowledge reports within seven working days, complete a preliminary assessment within 30 calendar days, and provide authors with an initial response period of 14 calendar days.

These timeframes are operational targets rather than fixed limits for completing complex investigations.

Where the evidence already demonstrates that an article is substantially unreliable, Adabiyah may proceed with appropriate editorial action without waiting indefinitely for institutional findings or author agreement.

7. Requirements for Retraction Notices

Every retraction issued by Adabiyah must be clearly identifiable, transparent, accurate, and accessible to readers.

A retraction notice should include:

The heading "Retraction" or "Retraction Notice."
The title of the original article.
The names of the original authors.
The journal name, publication details, and DOI of the original article.
A clear explanation of the reason for retraction, to the extent supported by available evidence.
Identification of the party issuing the retraction, such as the Editor-in-Chief, authors, or publisher.
The date of publication of the retraction notice.
A direct link to the original article.

Retraction notices must distinguish, where supported by the evidence, between honest error and research or publication misconduct.

Notices must use objective, factual, and professional language and should avoid unsupported allegations or unnecessary disclosure of confidential information.

Where technically supported, a retraction notice will be published as a separate, permanently accessible scholarly record with its own DOI.

Retraction notices will be freely accessible without subscription or payment requirements.

8. Management of Retracted Articles

Adabiyah recognizes that the preservation of published records is essential to the transparency and accountability of scholarly communication.

Retracted articles will normally remain accessible on the journal's website and within its electronic archives.

The following measures will be implemented:

The article's landing page will display a prominent "RETRACTED" label.
The article's full-text and PDF versions will clearly indicate its retracted status.
The original article and the retraction notice will be linked in both directions.
The original article's DOI will be preserved to maintain persistent identification and citation history.
Relevant bibliographic and indexing metadata will be updated.
The retraction notice will remain permanently accessible.

Retracted content must not be silently deleted, replaced, or presented as valid research without an indication of its status.

The continued availability of a retracted article serves the purpose of preserving the scholarly record and does not imply that its findings remain reliable.

9. Retraction with Republication and Exceptional Article Removal

a. Retraction with Republication

In exceptional cases, Adabiyah may consider retraction with republication when substantial errors arose from honest mistakes, the underlying research remains scientifically defensible, and a corrected manuscript can be subjected to appropriate editorial and independent review.

A replacement article must undergo sufficient scientific evaluation to establish the reliability of its revised findings.

The original publication will remain clearly identified as retracted, and the replacement publication will be appropriately linked to it.

The circumstances leading to retraction and republication must be explained transparently.

b. Article Removal

Complete removal of published content is an exceptional measure and will not ordinarily be used as a substitute for retraction.

Removal may be considered only when continued public access would create substantial legal, privacy, safety, or other serious risks, including circumstances involving court orders, unlawful content, or sensitive personal information.

When removal is unavoidable, the journal will retain bibliographic information and publish an explanatory notice, to the extent legally permissible and technically feasible.

The removal process must preserve as much of the scholarly record as reasonably possible.

10. Editorial Independence, Confidentiality, and Institutional Cooperation

Correction and retraction procedures will be conducted under the principles of editorial independence, impartiality, procedural fairness, and responsible disclosure.

Editors involved in a case must disclose relevant conflicts of interest and withdraw from decision-making when necessary.

Where the Editor-in-Chief has a material conflict of interest, an independent editor or appropriately authorized publisher representative will manage the matter.

Adabiyah may cooperate with authors' institutions, research funders, other journals, or responsible authorities when additional evidence or formal institutional investigation is required.

Institutional investigations may determine responsibility for research misconduct, while Adabiyah remains responsible for determining whether published content requires editorial correction or retraction.

Confidential information obtained during an inquiry will be protected and disclosed only when necessary and appropriate.

11. Author Responsibilities and Appeals

Authors are responsible for promptly informing the Editorial Office when they identify significant errors, inaccuracies, or potential ethical problems in their published research.

Authors must cooperate with reasonable editorial inquiries and provide relevant data, explanations, and supporting documentation when requested.

Authors may request a correction or retraction when they discover problems that could affect the reliability of their published findings.

Individuals directly affected by an editorial decision may submit an appeal supported by substantive new evidence or a clear explanation of material procedural concerns.

Appeals will be considered by an editor or publisher representative without a relevant conflict of interest and, where practicable, by someone not involved in the original decision.

An appeal does not automatically suspend a correction, Expression of Concern, or retraction when prompt action is necessary to protect the scholarly record.

The journal will communicate its final editorial decision to the relevant parties as appropriate.

12. DOI, Crossmark, Indexing, and Version Control

Adabiyah is committed to maintaining accurate and traceable publication records through appropriate digital publishing infrastructure.

The journal will apply the following practices:

Preserve the DOI and bibliographic record of the original publication.
Publish separate notices for significant corrections, Expressions of Concern, and retractions.
Register persistent identifiers for editorial notices when supported by the journal's DOI registration arrangements.
Update relevant Crossref metadata to reflect changes in publication status.
Record relationships between the original publication and associated editorial notices.
Update Crossmark status information for affected records where Crossmark has been implemented.
Ensure that notices and relevant updates are communicated to indexing and abstracting services where applicable.
Maintain archived article versions or an auditable record of substantive changes.

When a corrected version of an article is published, the changes and their dates will be identified. Previous versions will be archived and made available directly or on request, subject to justified restrictions.

Crossmark information, when available, will assist readers in identifying the current status of published articles and accessing related editorial updates.

The journal will not silently overwrite substantive scientific content in a manner that obscures the publication history.

13. Reporting Corrections and Retraction Requests

Authors, readers, reviewers, research institutions, and other interested parties may report concerns about published content to the Editorial Office.

Requests or reports should include:

The title and DOI or URL of the article concerned.
A description of the suspected error, inaccuracy, or ethical issue.
Supporting evidence, relevant references, or explanatory documentation.
Contact details of the reporting individual, where appropriate.

Reports should be submitted through the journal's official contact:

Editorial Office: Adabiyah

Email: adabiyah@umsida.ac.id

Website: https://adabiyah.umsida.ac.id/

The journal will review credible concerns regardless of whether they originate from authors or external parties.

All reports will be handled fairly, with appropriate protection for individuals raising concerns in good faith.

No publication fee will be charged for issuing formal editorial correction, Expression of Concern, or retraction notices.

14. Relationship with Other Publication Ethics Policies

This policy operates in conjunction with other Adabiyah editorial and publication ethics policies, including:

Publication Ethics Statement.
Allegations of Research Misconduct.
Plagiarism Policy.
Conflict of Interest Policy.
Post-Publication Discussion Policy.
Peer Review Process.
Crossmark Policy.

Reports involving suspected misconduct will be assessed through the Allegations of Research Misconduct Policy.

Scientific disagreements that do not undermine the integrity of published research may be addressed through the Post-Publication Discussion Policy.

Adabiyah will periodically review this policy to ensure consistency with internationally recognized standards and developments in scholarly publishing.